Slip-sliding through muddy dog walks

It’s autumn, when the leaves are at their most colourful, when our dogs track and chase new and exciting smells, and when the daily dog walk can turn into a mud fest or skating rink.

There are some very obvious seasonal hazards but they are only obvious if we are aware of them. This time of year could present a significant burden on my dogs’ muscles and joints and as such this is the season of high risk of muscular injury, strain and sprain.

This needs to be a time for us all to stop and think about how our dogs manage to manoeuvre on muddy walks or gain purchase on low friction surfaces such as icy ground, but more importantly how we as owners can help minimise their exposure to injury.

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Treating Hip Dysplasia in Dogs

Hip Dysplasia is a common complaint in dogs, and usually occurs when the joint has not developed perfectly, so the ball and socket do not match up in joints.

It is often associated with large breeds of dogs and typically starts to become noticed when they are only a few months old. The ligaments and joint capsule that normally stabilise the hip joint become loose within the first few weeks of life and therefore the ball and socket hip joint that normally aligns with each other lacks alignment and harmonious fit. Any non-alignment will result in abnormal wear, and can lead to osteoarthritis.

This condition is primarily of genetic cause, although environmental factors such as obesity during puppyhood may influence whether an animal with the genes coding for hip dysplasia will develop a clinical problem. Current estimates show that there are more than one hundred genes code for hip dysplasia.

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How long does healing take?

There isn’t a one size fits all approach to rehabilitation but one critical factor is how long tissue takes to heal. We’re talking here about muscle, bone, tendons, ligaments and cartilage, all of which heal differently.

A thorough understanding of tissue healing allows us to treat your dog appropriately; to know whether to stimulate or suppress inflammation, to ensure sufficient rest and minimise stress during repair, and what level of progressive stress to add during remodelling.

There are three phases of healing which are all slightly different for different tissue:

  • The inflammatory phase
  • The reparative phase
  • The remodelling or maturation phase
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No more guessing at weight distribution

When your dog visits our resident Canine Physiotherapist for a clinical assessment you’ll benefit from accessing the only objective stance analyzer for dogs in Hampshire.

The Stance Analyzer offers our physiotherapists the objectivity needed to draw up the most appropriate game plan for our patients.  The platform allows us to quickly evaluate the way your dog is standing and shifting weight to identify if there is a lameness issue and where to look for it. 

The Stance Analyzer is an integral part of every patient that visits our clinic including wellness exams, limping evaluations, and treatment plan re-checks.  Collecting a standing weight bearing assessment removes subjectivity and gives a simple report that makes it easy to discuss the status of the patient with your client.

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Treating Elbow Dysplasia in Dogs

Elbow dysplasia is a catch-all term that describes the abnormal development of the elbow. The term includes a number of specific abnormalities, which affect different sites in the joint. If the three bones do not fit together absolutely perfectly the consequence is abnormal concentration of forces on a specific region of the elbow joint causing lameness.

Clinical examination may shows signs such as joint swelling and discomfort on movement of the elbow joint. Diagnosis of elbow dysplasia is important in deciding which treatment option. X-rays are a good starting point but many X-rays are normal. Sometimes a CT scan and/or arthroscopy (camera in the joint) are needed to confirm the problem.

All dogs whether they have surgery or not, should go through a comprehensive physiotherapy program including laser, hydrotherapy, exercise and dietary advice.

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Treating Cruciate Injuries in Dogs

The cranial cruciate ligament in dogs is the same as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in humans. It is a band of tough fibrous tissue that attaches the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone), preventing the tibia from shifting forward relative to the femur. It also helps to prevent the stifle (knee) joint from over-extending or rotating.

In the vast majority of dogs, the cranial cruciate ligament ruptures as a result of long-term degeneration, whereby the fibres within the ligament weaken over time. It is not known what the precise cause of this, but genetic factors are thought to be the most important, with certain breeds being predisposed (including Labradors, Rottweilers, Boxers, West Highland White Terriers and Newfoundlands).


Cruciate injuries can be managed surgically or non-surgically.


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Hydrotherapy, what is actually going on?

Hydrotherapy has become synonymous with ‘swimming’ but your dog engaging with a controlled aquatic environment is far more than that. With the right therapist, and the right equipment, Hydrotherapy should be considered controlled physiotherapeutic exercise.

There’s a complex array of things going on in a hydrotherapy pool that you’re probably not aware is even happening. What is critical is that you understand results are never instantaneous. We are working with the body, which takes time to develop and progress through treatment; it is not like being able to inflate a balloon and seeing the instant result. We are building on the musculoskeletal system, as well as the nervous system which takes time and repetition to achieve the required results.

But here’s a little insight into what rehabilitative treatment looks like from a Hydrotherapist’s perspective.

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Logan learns from Maggie the wonder dog

In August we took the rare opportunity to open our doors to Maggie ‘the wonder dog’ and her human companion Logan to help teach him to swim.

Logan, aged 5, has Sensory Processing Disorder and has been pre-diagnosed with Autism but that doesn’t hold him back from his swimming lessons with his teacher Helen Page at Energique Health Club in Alton. 

Sensory Processing Disorder means Logan processes his senses differently. Sounds, bright lights, sensations etc can overwhelm him so he finds it difficult to hear and follow requests etc. He finds social situations difficult to understand. 

Logan finds the sensation of water particularly calming and is progressing his swimming at each session however he was yet to confidently swim with his head lowered in the water.

Pip Elphee, Logan’s mother, is a Canine Behaviourist who has trained their working cocker spaniel, Maggie, as an assistance dog for Logan. Together with Logan’s swim teacher they devised a plan to encourage Logan to copy Maggie in the pool and approached the Canine Fitness Centre in Froxfield to help.

Tom Worman, Managing Director and Hydrotherapist at the Canine Fitness Centre said:

“Pip approached us with a brilliant plan and we just couldn’t say no. We’ve seen the impact of therapy dogs with a wide spectrum of children and adults through our work at the Canine Fitness Centre and this seemed like a great opportunity to put a theory into practice”

“We don’t normally let owners in the pool, but on this occasion working with Pip and Helen, we were able to create a safe environment for Logan and Maggie to swim together.”

“It was a joyous experience and something I couldn’t be prouder to have been part of”

Helen Page devised a variety of dynamic swimming games that logan could participate in with Maggie under the watchful eye of Tom Worman to ensure Maggie’s wellbeing and safety was also considered.

Logan and Maggie had swimming races, obstacle courses and a bit of safe play time in the shallows. 

Not only did the session start some of the work towards improving Logan’s swimming style Mrs Elphee commented that: 

“Logi found the latter stages of term really hard and has been quite ‘disregulated’, having had his swim with his dog this morning he also seems much calmer”

Shortly after the session Pip took to Facebook to write:

What a fantastic set up Tom has at the Canine Fitness Centre – a truly lovely way with both dog and owner. Maggie had a fare bit to deal with looking after her small person, working for me and being handled by Tom. But she clearly felt safe and happy in Tom’s capable hands. I can’t recommend this centre more highly!

Maggie, the working cocker spaniel, is an owner trained Autism Assistance Dog. Maggie helps him with his anxiety and confidence, helping him to stay calm and signalling to Logan’s mother when he is feeling anxious before she might have noticed. She is registered with Pawsable a company that assesses and then provides assistance with training and insurance for public access.

Hydrotherapy in a Treadmill or Pool

We get asked quite a lot why we have a hydrotherapy pool but don’t have a treadmill at our centre and there are a few simple reasons but as clients and veterinarians become more aware of underwater treadmills we thought it would be a good idea to discuss the benefits of both so that you can come to your own conclusions about what might be best for your dog.

The rise in popularity of treadmill appears to be primarily fed by two areas:

  • An increase in the amount of scientific research being undertaken in them
  • An increase in their availability for vets and therapists due to the smaller size they occupy

However, before diving into some more analysis there’s a couple of things we think you should know:


How therapists see hydrotherapy

A good therapist will understand the biomechanics of your dog. They will know that your dog is designed to move forwards not backwards, that movement is driven by a combination of muscle power and the proprioceptive system (both in a conscious and unconscious state). And, they will understand that it is their role in rehabilitation to provide movement enriching activity in an aquatic environment.

Historically, most people will think of hydrotherapy in two forms – swimming in a pool and walking in a treadmill. Over the last decade the understanding and scientific research in hydrotherapy has advanced considerably and this is no longer the way to think of hydrotherapy. We can increase the water depth to swim a dog in an underwater treadmill and we can use pods to walk a dog in a hydrotherapy pool. So this brings us back to “it’s a facility to aid movement”

Primarily a hydrotherapist uses their tools to:

  • Improve your dogs engagement with their natural balance and stance
  • Shape movement appropriately
  • Align your dog properly
  • Undertake dynamic exercise
  • Undertake static exercises

An Underwater Treadmill

Provides…

  • Ability to quickly control water height
  • The ability to walk and swim dogs
  • Ability to undertake dynamic & static handling
  • Compact space compatible treatment
  • The need for just one therapist

Can be limited in…

  • Therapists access to all areas of the dog
  • Ability to control humidity
  • Ability to control overstretch of the spine
  • The ability to vary rehabilitation techniques

A Hydrotherapy Pool

Provides…

  • A therapist with 360 degree control
  • Better control of humidity and temperature
  • Proprioceptively rich therapies
  • Ability to undertake dynamic & static handling
  • The ability to walk and swim dogs

Can be limited in…

  • Supporting nervous dogs
  • Provision for compact treatment centres
  • Single therapist treatment of paralysis conditions

How do you make the right choice

As you can see from above, both formats provide the ability to undertake extensive portfolios of dynamic and static handling techniques however ultimately the decision should come down to the Behaviour and Breed Standards of your animal – not the marketing ploys of hydrotherapy businesses.

So, in our opinion, choose a hydrotherapy centre with…

A Hydrotherapy Pool

If your dog:

  • Is a brachycephalic breed due to the humidity risks of a treadmill
  • Is nervous of enclosed environments due to the nature of a treadmill
  • Is an amputee as a dog losing balance in a treadmill could be catastrophic
  • Is a large breed that simple won’t comfortably fit in anything other than a pool

An Underwater Treadmill

If your dog:

  • Is nervous of large open environments due to the nature of a hydrotherapy pool
  • Is nervous of water as treadmills can be filled slowly
  • Has significant access issues due to the ability to enter and exit easily* or where second therapists are unavailable

This is of course not an exhaustive list that you as the owner or veterinary care professional might think of but these, in our opinion, are the primary reasons. Otherwise, it comes down to what therapist do you trust and how well do they know their equipment to help your dog.

*We caveat this point with a comment that you must make sure the UWTM has two doors, so that it doesn’t have to turn 180 degrees inside the treadmill to exit


The Canine Fitness Centre Facilities

We want to be clear that this is not a marketing piece around why we have a pool and why it could be seen as superior compared to an underwater treadmill. Hopefully this article has been informative to help you make the right decision for your dog.

At the Canine Fitness Centre we have chosen to have an 18ft by 9ft heated hydrotherapy pool because:

  • Our therapists can have a 360 degree view of your animal swimming, walking and standing
  • Dogs do not overstretch their necks and spine when looking at their owners due to the owners positioning
  • We have a much greater level of ‘up-time’ where the pool is not reliant on underwater mechanics
  • Our skilled therapists can supercharge proprioceptive treatments by combining aquatic walking & swimming
  • We can control the level of humidity in the room particularly in summer months
  • We focus on treating the dog and it’s needs rather than the capabilities and space of our equipment
  • We have access to multiple therapists so can provide support to dogs with access needs
  • Hydrotherapy pools are much better for therapist wellbeing due to the stances required in an UWTM

We will never accept a dog that we believe demonstrates behaviours that are only suitable for an underwater treadmill and will always refer you to one of our partner sites who have this facility if it will be the best thing for your dog.


Think this is biased? Watch the webinar and analysis from Barbara Houlding, a leading Hydrotherapist and Physiotherapist in the field. Barbara is a course leader for at K9HS and discusses many of the same views outlined above in her online webinar found here.