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How Vets and Physios Work Together to Manage Chronic Pain in Pets

Chronic pain in pets, much like in humans, can significantly impact their quality of life. It often arises from conditions like arthritis, spinal problems, or long-term injuries, and managing it requires a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary approach. Veterinary professionals and physiotherapists work together to offer tailored treatments that focus on reducing pain, improving mobility, and enhancing a pet’s overall well-being.

In this blog, we’ll explore how vets and physios collaborate to create a pain management strategy for pets suffering from chronic pain, and how their combined efforts lead to better outcomes.

1. Assessment: The First Step to Pain Management

The process of managing chronic pain in pets begins with an accurate diagnosis, which typically involves a veterinarian. Vets play a crucial role in identifying the source of pain through a variety of methods, such as physical examinations, diagnostic imaging (like X-rays or MRIs), and sometimes blood tests to rule out underlying diseases.

Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the vet develops a treatment plan that often includes pain medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, and sometimes dietary changes. However, managing chronic pain is more than just about medications; it’s about addressing the underlying mobility issues and restoring function—this is where physiotherapists enter the picture.

2. The Role of Physiotherapists in Pain Relief

Veterinary physiotherapists are specialists in movement and rehabilitation. After a vet’s diagnosis, a physio steps in to assess the pet’s mobility, muscle strength, and joint function. The goal is to alleviate pain by improving the animal’s physical condition, helping them move more comfortably, and reducing the strain on painful joints or injured areas.

Here are some key methods that physios use to manage chronic pain:

Manual Therapy: This includes massage, stretching, and manipulation techniques to relieve muscle tension and improve joint mobility.
Hydrotherapy: Water-based exercises, like swimming or underwater treadmill work, allow pets to move with reduced weight-bearing stress on their joints, which helps them exercise without exacerbating pain.
Therapeutic Exercises: Tailored exercises are designed to strengthen muscles and improve flexibility, supporting the joints and reducing discomfort in daily activities.
Laser Therapy and Ultrasound: These non-invasive treatments can help reduce inflammation, accelerate healing, and improve circulation, all of which contribute to pain relief.

3. Coordinated Care: Communication Between Vets and Physios

The collaboration between vets and physiotherapists is essential for effective pain management. Regular communication ensures that the treatments are complementary and not contradictory. For example, a vet may prescribe certain medications to reduce inflammation, while a physio focuses on restoring mobility through exercise. Together, they monitor the pet’s progress, adjusting the treatment plan as needed.

A typical treatment strategy may involve regular veterinary check-ups to assess the pain levels and adjust medications, combined with ongoing physiotherapy sessions to improve strength and mobility.

This synergy allows for:

Personalized Treatment Plans: Every pet responds differently to treatments, and what works for one may not work for another. By working together, vets and physios can modify treatment plans based on real-time feedback, ensuring that the care remains adaptive and effective.
Long-Term Monitoring: Chronic pain is a condition that requires ongoing management. The combined efforts of vets and physios help track the pet’s progress, whether it’s reducing medication doses or increasing exercise intensity as mobility improves.

4. Preventative Strategies and Lifestyle Changes

Beyond managing current pain, vets and physiotherapists collaborate on preventative strategies to avoid worsening conditions. This could involve:

Weight Management: Obesity can exacerbate joint pain, particularly in pets with arthritis. Both vets and physios often advise owners on maintaining an ideal weight through a balanced diet and controlled physical activity.
Environmental Modifications: Physiotherapists might suggest changes at home to make life easier for pets, such as using ramps to avoid stairs or cushioned beds to reduce pressure on painful joints.
Ongoing Exercise Plans: Physiotherapists provide pet owners with exercises they can do at home, ensuring that pets continue to stay active and maintain muscle strength between professional sessions.

5. Improving Quality of Life

The ultimate goal of veterinary and physiotherapy collaboration is to improve a pet’s quality of life. Pets, just like people, deserve to live without constant pain. By addressing not only the symptoms of chronic pain but also the underlying causes, vets and physios offer a holistic approach to care. They ensure that pets can enjoy a higher degree of mobility, engage with their families, and lead more fulfilling lives despite their chronic conditions.

Conclusion

Chronic pain in pets is complex and often requires more than just medication to manage. The collaboration between vets and physiotherapists brings together the best of both worlds—medical knowledge and physical rehabilitation—to create a comprehensive, customized treatment plan for each pet. By working together, they can effectively manage chronic pain, offering pets a chance to live more active, pain-free lives.

For pet owners, this partnership provides peace of mind, knowing that their pets are receiving well-rounded, expert care that targets both immediate pain relief and long-term well-being.

What happens during an Orthopaedic Examination for a dog?

When your dog shows signs of lameness, stiffness, or discomfort, a thorough orthopaedic examination by a veterinarian or Veterinary Physiotherapist such as ourselves is essential to pinpoint the underlying cause. This process is a detailed assessment of your dog’s musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Here’s what you can expect during a typical orthopaedic examination and why each step is important for your pet’s health.

Step 1: Observing the Gait

The examination often begins with a simple yet vital step—watching your dog walk. The veterinarian will observe your dog’s gait from the front, back, and sides, checking for symmetry in movement and signs of discomfort. Any irregularities, such as a limp or stiffness, can provide clues to where the issue may lie.

From the side, the veterinarian assesses how well the limbs move, focusing on the elbows, stifles (knees), carpi (wrists), hocks (ankles), shoulders, and hips. These should all move symmetrically and smoothly. For a more comprehensive analysis, the vet may observe your dog at different speeds, such as a trot or run, which can help highlight subtle asymmetries that may be missed at a walking pace.

Step 2: Front and Rear Limb Assessment

When viewed from the front, the dog’s head should remain level, with no head bobbing, and the limbs should be evenly spaced. Head nodding, especially during the stance phase, can indicate forelimb lameness, where the dog tries to shift weight off the affected limb.

From behind, the hips and hocks are evaluated. Ideally, they should be at the same level, and the limbs should move symmetrically. A common issue in dogs with hind limb lameness is uneven weight-bearing, as seen in conditions like cruciate ligament disease, where the affected limb does not sink to the ground as much as the healthy one.

Step 3: Physical Examination of the Limbs and Spine

After observing the dog’s gait, the physical examination begins. The veterinarian palpates (feels) the dog’s trunk and limbs, looking for signs of muscle atrophy, joint swelling, or fibrosis (thickening of connective tissue). This step is crucial for identifying conditions like arthritis or muscle loss due to disuse or nerve damage.

The spine is also thoroughly checked. Applying pressure along the vertebrae helps identify spinal pain, which is particularly important for dogs with hind limb lameness. The neck is manipulated to detect any stiffness or discomfort, especially in cases of forelimb lameness that may originate from the cervical spine.

Step 4: Detailed Limb Examination

A thorough orthopaedic examination involves systematically checking each limb from the toes up to the joints. The toes are inspected for corns or other painful conditions, and the veterinarian checks for proper movement in the digits (toes), looking for signs of instability or discomfort. The carpal (wrist) and tarsal (ankle) joints are carefully assessed for swelling, pain, and range of motion.

The elbow, for instance, should flex comfortably so the paw can touch the shoulder, and both internal and external rotation should be painless. The stifle (knee) and hock (ankle) are similarly checked for flexibility and discomfort. The veterinarian also performs specific tests, such as the tibial thrust test, to detect injuries like cranial cruciate ligament ruptures, a common cause of hind limb lameness in dogs.

Step 5: Checking for Joint Effusion and Ligament Damage

The examination includes feeling for joint effusion (fluid buildup) in areas like the elbow, hock, and stifle. These areas are particularly prone to arthritis and ligament injuries. The veterinarian palpates around the joint to detect swelling or abnormal movement, which may indicate ligament damage or joint instability.

In dogs with suspected cruciate ligament issues, a tibial thrust test is performed. This test helps detect whether the cranial cruciate ligament is torn by observing the movement of the tibia (shin bone) during hock flexion. Unlike the cranial drawer test, which often requires sedation, the tibial thrust test can be done while the dog is awake, making it a useful diagnostic tool.

Step 6: Examining the Hips

Hip health is a major concern in many dogs, especially larger breeds prone to conditions like hip dysplasia. The veterinarian flexes, extends, and rotates the hips to check for pain or abnormal movement. In some cases, palpating specific landmarks like the wings of the ilium, the greater trochanter, and the ischial tuberosities helps assess whether the hips are symmetrical.

Step 7: Special Tests for Joint Stability and Muscle Atrophy

In addition to flexion and extension tests, the veterinarian will assess the dog’s muscle condition, particularly around the scapula and upper limbs. Muscle atrophy can be a sign of nerve damage or disuse due to pain. Prominent muscle wasting may indicate a neurogenic cause, whereas milder atrophy usually results from decreased activity due to discomfort.

For shoulder issues, the vet performs a biceps test to evaluate the integrity of the biceps tendon, which can cause pain in dogs with bicipital tenosynovitis. The shoulder is also abducted and adducted, with pressure applied to the scapula to detect joint instability.

Step 8: The Sitting Test

Finally, the vet may assess how your dog sits. Dogs with stifle (knee) problems, such as cruciate ligament injuries, often avoid fully flexing their stifles and may sit with their legs extended to the side. This is a telltale sign that flexing the stifle causes discomfort.

Conclusion

An orthopaedic examination is a thorough and methodical process that helps veterinarians identify the root causes of your dog’s discomfort or lameness. By assessing gait, palpating muscles and joints, and performing specific diagnostic tests, vets can pinpoint issues like arthritis, ligament injuries, or muscle atrophy. If your dog is experiencing any signs of lameness or stiffness, don’t hesitate to consult your veterinarian. Early detection and treatment are key to keeping your dog happy, healthy, and active.

Here’s a handy video from our friends at The Moores Orthopaedic Clinic covering the process of an Orthopaedic Examination:

Common Injuries and Conditions in Over 1,500 Veterinary Patients: An Analysis

When it comes to the health and well-being of pets, especially dogs, orthopaedic and neurological conditions are among the most prevalent issues veterinarians encounter. Our analysis of over 1,500 veterinary patients who have been referred to us by Veterinary surgeons sheds light on the most common injuries and medical conditions, highlighting the areas that pet owners should be aware of.

Here are the top 21 most frequently occurring conditions, offering a glimpse into what our furry friends often face:

1. Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis tops the list, affecting a significant portion of the patients. This degenerative joint disease, often seen in older dogs, leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It’s particularly common in breeds predisposed to joint issues, such as Labradors and German Shepherds. Managing osteoarthritis typically involves a combination of pain relief, weight management, and physical therapy.

Many pets benefit from joint support treatments aimed at managing joint-related conditions, particularly in aging dogs or those prone to arthritis. This encompasses a range of treatments, from supplements like glucosamine and chondroitin to physical therapies that maintain mobility and reduce pain.

2. Hip Dysplasia

Closely following osteoarthritis is hip dysplasia, a hereditary condition where the hip joint doesn’t develop correctly, leading to arthritis over time. This condition often affects larger breeds, and it can result in significant discomfort and mobility challenges if left untreated. Surgical interventions like total hip replacement or less invasive therapies like physical rehabilitation can help manage symptoms.

3. Cruciate Disease & TPLO Surgery

Cruciate disease involves injuries to the knee’s cruciate ligament, leading to instability and arthritis if not treated. Surgery is often required to repair the damage and restore function to the affected limb.

Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) surgery is a common procedure for dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries—similar to ACL injuries in humans. This surgery is frequently performed to restore knee stability and prevent further joint damage, particularly in active breeds.

4. Gait Abnormalities

Gait abnormalities can arise from a variety of orthopaedic or neurological conditions, such as arthritis, hip dysplasia, or nerve damage. Identifying the underlying cause is key to effective treatment, which may include physical therapy, surgery, or medication to alleviate discomfort.

5. Fractures

Fractures are common, especially in active dogs or those involved in accidents. They range from simple breaks to more complicated fractures requiring surgical intervention. Prompt treatment is essential to ensure proper healing and to prevent long-term issues.

6. Elbow Dysplasia

Elbow dysplasia, another hereditary condition, involves abnormal development of the elbow joint, leading to arthritis. Larger breeds are particularly at risk, and symptoms often begin with lameness or difficulty moving. Treatment can vary from medical management to surgical correction.

7. Amputation

Though not as common, amputation is sometimes the best option for dogs suffering from severe injuries, bone cancer, or irreversible damage to a limb. Many dogs adjust well to life on three legs, demonstrating remarkable resilience and adaptability post-surgery.

8. Neurological Injuries

Injuries affecting the nervous system, such as spinal cord trauma or nerve damage, are serious and can lead to paralysis or mobility issues. Diagnosing the source of neurological injuries often involves advanced imaging techniques, and treatment may include surgery or rehabilitative care.

Various spinal conditions, including degenerative diseases and injuries, can result in pain, mobility issues, or paralysis. Treatment varies based on severity but often involves surgery, rehabilitation, or long-term pain management.

9. Lumbosacral Disease

This spinal condition primarily affects the lower back, leading to pain and neurological deficits, such as hind limb weakness or incontinence. Lumbosacral disease is particularly common in large breeds, and treatment options include pain management and, in severe cases, surgery.

10. Fibrocartilaginous Embolism (FCE)

Fibrocartilaginous Embolism (FCE) is a condition where a blood clot or embolism blocks blood flow to the spinal cord, causing sudden paralysis. FCE is a neurological emergency, but with prompt and appropriate rehabilitation, many dogs recover partial or full mobility.

11. Muscle Weakness & Ataxia

Muscle weakness can be a result of various conditions, from aging to neurological disorders. Strengthening exercises, physical therapy, and targeted treatments help improve mobility and quality of life.

Ataxia refers to a lack of muscle coordination and control, usually caused by neurological disorders. Dogs with ataxia may struggle with balance, walking, or standing. Diagnosis and treatment focus on the underlying cause, which can range from infections to genetic issues.

12. Patella Luxation

Patella luxation occurs when the kneecap dislocates, which can cause intermittent limping or pain. It’s more common in small dog breeds, and severe cases may require surgical correction to prevent ongoing discomfort and arthritis.

13. ANNPE

Acute Non-compressive Nucleus Pulposus Extrusion (ANNPE) is a sudden spinal cord injury often triggered by trauma or strenuous activity. Dogs with ANNPE usually require rehabilitation therapy to recover motor functions, and early intervention is key to a successful recovery.

14. Dislocation

Joint dislocations can occur in the hips, shoulders, or other joints due to trauma. Prompt treatment is necessary to avoid further damage, and in some cases, surgery may be required to realign the joint.

15. Cervical Spinal Compression

Compression in the cervical spine, or neck, can cause significant pain and neurological deficits. This condition is often related to intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) or other degenerative changes in the spine, requiring surgical intervention to relieve the pressure.

16. Tendon Injury

Tendon injuries, particularly in active dogs, can result from overexertion or trauma. Rest, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery are required to heal these injuries and restore mobility.

17. Myelopathy

Degenerative myelopathy is a progressive spinal cord disease seen in older dogs. It leads to hind limb weakness and eventually paralysis. Although there is no cure, physical therapy can help slow its progression and improve the dog’s quality of life.

18. Weight Management

Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial in managing many of the conditions listed here, especially joint-related issues like arthritis or dysplasia. Overweight dogs are more prone to orthopaedic injuries, and weight loss programs are often part of treatment plans.

19. Paresis

Paresis refers to partial paralysis, often occurring after a fracture near the spine or in cases of neurological damage. Rehabilitation plays a significant role in helping dogs regain their mobility post-injury.

20. Hypermobility

Some dogs suffer from joint hypermobility, where joints move beyond their normal range of motion, leading to instability and pain. Specialised physical therapy and joint support can help manage the condition.

21. Carpal Hyperextension

Carpal hyperextension is an injury to the wrist joint that leads to an abnormal extension of the paw. This condition typically requires surgery to correct, especially if the injury is severe.

Conclusion

Our analysis of over 1,500 veterinary patients offers valuable insights into the most common orthopedic and neurological conditions affecting pets. Whether it’s managing long-term issues like osteoarthritis or addressing sudden injuries like fractures, understanding these conditions can help pet owners work closely with veterinarians to ensure their pets receive the best care possible. Early diagnosis and intervention, combined with tailored treatment plans, can make all the difference in maintaining a pet’s quality of life.

By being proactive about your pet’s health, particularly with regular checkups and addressing symptoms early, you can help your furry companions live happy, healthy lives well into their senior years.

Worried about your dog? Join us for a consultation and start your dog’s journey to recovery.

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Not more Medication; Why Physiotherapy is a real alternative

When our beloved dogs experience pain, particularly from musculoskeletal problems, it’s natural to want to provide them with immediate relief. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as Metacam, Rimadyl, or Carprieve are commonly prescribed by vets to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. While these medications can be very effective, they may not always be the best long-term solution.

Here’s why consulting a veterinary physiotherapist might be a better choice for your dog’s health and well-being.

Treating the Root Cause, Not Just the Symptoms

NSAIDs work by reducing inflammation and pain, offering quick relief. However, they don’t address the underlying causes of conditions such as arthritis, joint dysplasia, or soft tissue injuries. A veterinary physiotherapist takes a holistic approach, focusing on the root of the problem through a combination of therapeutic exercises, manual therapy, and lifestyle adjustments.

Example: If your dog has arthritis, physiotherapy can help strengthen the muscles around the affected joints, improving stability and reducing pain without solely relying on medication.

Minimising the Risk of Side Effects

While NSAIDs can be effective, long-term use can lead to potential side effects such as gastrointestinal problems, kidney or liver damage, and even decreased joint health over time. For dogs with pre-existing conditions, these risks are even greater. Physiotherapy, by contrast, is a non-invasive treatment that doesn’t pose a risk to your dog’s internal organs, making it a safer option for long-term care.

Improving Mobility and Quality of Life

Veterinary physiotherapy goes beyond simply managing pain. Through targeted exercises and techniques such as hydrotherapy, laser therapy, and massage, a physiotherapist can improve your dog’s range of motion, muscle strength, and overall mobility. This not only helps to reduce pain but also enhances your dog’s ability to engage in everyday activities, significantly boosting their quality of life.

Example: A dog recovering from cruciate ligament surgery can benefit from a structured physiotherapy programme to rebuild muscle strength and joint flexibility, reducing the likelihood of future injuries.

Personalised, Tailored Care

Every dog is unique, and their treatment should be too. Veterinary physiotherapists create bespoke rehabilitation plans based on your dog’s specific condition, age, breed, and lifestyle. This personalised approach ensures that your dog receives the most effective treatment possible, something that medication alone cannot offer.

Long-Term Cost Savings

While physiotherapy might seem like a significant investment upfront, it can lead to long-term savings. By addressing the root cause of pain and preventing further deterioration, physiotherapy can reduce the need for costly surgeries, frequent vet visits, or long-term medication use. For dogs with chronic conditions, the cumulative cost of NSAIDs and their potential side effects can far exceed the cost of a physiotherapy programme.

Supporting Post-Operative Recovery

If your dog has undergone surgery, physiotherapy can be an invaluable part of the recovery process. It helps reduce post-surgical pain, improve healing, and restore function more quickly than medication alone. A physiotherapist can guide you through the appropriate exercises and techniques to ensure your dog’s recovery is as smooth and effective as possible.

Preventing Future Injuries

Physiotherapy not only treats existing conditions but can also play a preventative role. Strengthening muscles, improving coordination, and maintaining a healthy weight through guided exercises can reduce the risk of future injuries and degenerative conditions—something NSAIDs alone cannot achieve.

When to Use NSAIDs

NSAIDs do have their place in veterinary medicine. They can be essential for managing acute pain and inflammation, especially in the early stages of an injury or during flare-ups of chronic conditions. However, they should be seen as part of a comprehensive treatment plan rather than a standalone solution.

A Combined Approach for Optimal Health

While NSAIDs can provide necessary pain relief for your dog, they are not a complete solution. Veterinary physiotherapy offers a more comprehensive, holistic approach to managing pain and improving overall health. By incorporating physiotherapy into your dog’s care plan, you’re not only addressing their immediate discomfort but also investing in their long-term well-being and happiness.

If your dog is experiencing pain or mobility issues, consider consulting one of our veterinary physiotherapists. They can work alongside your vet to create a balanced, effective treatment plan that prioritises your dog’s health and quality of life over the long term.

Is My Pet in Pain? Recognising the Signs and What You Can Do

As pet owners, our top priority is to ensure the happiness and well-being of our furry companions. However, unlike humans, our pets can’t verbally tell us when something is wrong. They rely on body language, behaviour, and subtle signs to communicate discomfort or pain. Understanding how to recognise these signs is crucial to ensuring that your pet stays healthy and receives prompt care.

If you’ve ever asked yourself, “Is my pet in pain?” this blog will guide you through the signs to look out for and what steps you can take.

Common Signs Your Pet May Be in Pain

While animals often hide discomfort due to instinct or fear, there are several behavioural and physical signs you can watch for. Here’s a list of common indicators that your pet may be experiencing pain:

1. Changes in Mobility and Activity

Pets in pain often exhibit changes in how they move or interact with their environment. Watch for:

Limping or reluctance to put weight on a limb
Stiffness, particularly after resting or sleeping
Reduced activity—they may avoid running, jumping, or climbing
Hesitation to get up or lie down
Avoiding stairs or furniture they previously accessed with ease

2. Vocalisation

While some pets may remain quiet when in pain, others can be more vocal:

Whining, yelping, or growling without clear cause
Unusual purring (for cats) or sudden barking (for dogs)
Increased moaning or grumbling, especially when touched or moved

3. Changes in Eating and Drinking Habits

Pain can reduce your pet’s interest in food or water, leading to:

Loss of appetite or refusal to eat familiar foods
Difficulty chewing, which might indicate dental pain
Excessive drooling
Noticeable changes in water consumption

4. Behavioural Changes

Changes in your pet’s mood and behaviour are often strong indicators of discomfort:

Restlessness, struggling to settle or sleep
Lethargy or seeming unusually tired
Aggression when being touched or approached
Hiding or isolating themselves in odd places
Excessive grooming or licking a specific area repeatedly

5. Changes in Posture and Appearance

A pet in pain may adopt different postures or show physical signs:

Arched back or a hunched posture
Tense, rigid muscles
Swollen joints, paws, or visible injuries
Squinting or reluctance to use their eyes

6. Breathing and Heart Rate Changes

Increased heart rate or unusual breathing patterns could suggest pain:

Rapid, shallow breathing or panting in both cats and dogs
Increased heart rate, shaking, or trembling without obvious cause

Recognising Pain in Cats vs. Dogs

Dogs and cats, although both cherished pets, often show pain differently. Understanding these species-specific signals can be essential.

Dogs

Dogs are typically more vocal when in pain, often whining or yelping when a sore area is touched. They may also seek comfort from their owners, becoming more clingy or restless. Licking or chewing on the affected area is another common behaviour.

Cats

Cats are more likely to hide pain, making it harder to detect. You might notice your cat withdrawing, hiding more often, or becoming aggressive when approached. Changes in grooming habits are a key indicator—some cats over-groom a painful area, while others stop grooming altogether, resulting in an unkempt appearance.

What to Do If You Think Your Pet Is in Pain

If you suspect your pet is in discomfort, it’s important not to panic. Here’s what you can do to help:

1. Contact Your Vet

The first step should always be to reach out to your vet. A professional assessment is essential to determine the cause and severity of your pet’s pain. Your vet may recommend tests, such as X-rays or blood work, to make an accurate diagnosis.

2. Avoid Human Medications

Never give your pet over-the-counter human medications unless instructed by a vet. Many medications that are safe for humans, such as ibuprofen or paracetamol, are toxic to pets and can lead to serious health issues.

3. Provide Comfort

Until you can visit your vet, try to make your pet as comfortable as possible:

Create a quiet, cosy space where they can rest undisturbed.
Ensure easy access to food, water, and a litter box or toilet area.
Avoid handling areas that seem to be causing pain.

4. Monitor Behaviour

Keep an eye on any changes in your pet’s condition. Does their discomfort seem to fluctuate throughout the day? Are there particular activities or movements that worsen the pain? Documenting these details can help your vet diagnose the issue more effectively.

Preventing Pain in Pets: Tips for a Pain-Free Life

Prevention is always better than cure. Here are some tips to keep your pet comfortable and minimise the likelihood of pain:

Regular Vet Visits: Routine check-ups can catch potential health problems before they become serious.
Healthy Diet: Ensure your pet has a nutritious and balanced diet to support their overall well-being.
Exercise and Weight Management: Keeping your pet at a healthy weight reduces the strain on their joints and helps prevent conditions like arthritis.
Dental Care: Regularly check your pet’s teeth and gums for signs of discomfort, such as bad breath, swelling, or loose teeth.
Comfortable Living Space: Provide supportive bedding and consider ramps for older pets. Minimise activities that may cause joint stress, especially in older or larger pets.

Final Thoughts

Our pets bring so much joy into our lives, and it’s our responsibility as pet owners to ensure they live comfortably and pain-free. By staying vigilant for the subtle signs of discomfort and addressing any issues early with professional help, you can ensure that your pet enjoys the best quality of life possible.

If you’re ever unsure about your pet’s health or behaviour, don’t hesitate to contact your vet. Being proactive about your pet’s well-being will not only prevent minor issues from becoming major problems but also ensure more quality time with your beloved companion.

How Many Physiotherapy & Hydrotherapy Sessions Will Your Dog Need?

If your dog has recently had surgery, suffered an injury, or is dealing with a chronic condition like arthritis, you may be considering physiotherapy to aid their recovery. One of the most common questions dog owners ask is: How many physiotherapy sessions will my dog need?

After analysing data from over 5,000 rehabilitation bookings, we’ve found that, on average, dogs require 10.13 physiotherapy appointments. The typical rehabilitation cost comes to £519.74. But what do these figures mean for your pet?

What Affects the Number of Physiotherapy Sessions?

Every dog is different, and the number of sessions needed for recovery depends on several factors:

Type of Injury or Condition

Post-surgery rehabilitation, such as for cruciate ligament repairs or hip dysplasia, often involves 6 to 12 weeks of physiotherapy, with dogs attending 1 to 3 sessions per week.
Chronic conditions like arthritis may require ongoing therapy, starting with 1 or 2 sessions per week, which can be adjusted depending on your dog’s progress.
For acute injuries like sprains, your dog might need 4 to 8 sessions over a few weeks.
Neurological conditions, such as paralysis or nerve damage, often call for more intensive, long-term physiotherapy, sometimes lasting several months.

Age and Overall Health
Older dogs or those with underlying health issues may need more sessions due to slower recovery. On the other hand, younger, healthier dogs might show quicker improvement, possibly reducing the number of appointments required.
Response to Treatment
Dogs respond to physiotherapy at different rates. Some may show significant progress after just a few sessions, while others might need a more extended course of treatment to fully recover.

How Much Will You Spend on Canine Physiotherapy?

Alongside the number of sessions, the cost is another key concern for dog owners. Our data reveals that the average spend per dog is £519.74, though this can vary based on factors such as:

Location: Treatment costs can differ depending on where you live.
Condition complexity: More complicated cases that need specialised equipment or techniques may increase the overall rehabilitation costs.
Session frequency: Dogs needing more frequent sessions, especially early in their treatment, may see higher initial costs.

Is Physiotherapy for Dogs Worth the Investment?

With an average of £519.74 spent and around 10.13 sessions required, many pet owners wonder if physiotherapy is worth it. The benefits, however, can be substantial:

Improved mobility and comfort: For dogs with chronic conditions like arthritis, physiotherapy can significantly improve their ability to move and their overall comfort.
Faster recovery from surgery or injury: Physiotherapy helps strengthen key muscle groups, improving flexibility and speeding up the healing process, so your dog can return to their normal activities sooner.
Reduced reliance on medication: Regular physiotherapy can reduce pain and inflammation, potentially lessening the need for long-term use of medications, which may have side effects.

Tailoring a Treatment Plan for Your Dog

While these averages offer a helpful guide, each dog’s treatment plan should be tailored to their specific needs. A veterinary physiotherapist will assess your dog’s condition and recommend a course of therapy based on their individual situation. Regular monitoring and adjustments to the treatment plan will ensure your dog gets the best possible care.

Conclusion

From our analysis, we’ve found that the average dog undergoes 10.13 physiotherapy sessions and the average cost is £519.74. However, these figures are just a starting point. Your dog’s requirements may vary, but the goal remains the same: ensuring they lead a healthy, happy, and pain-free life. Physiotherapy can be an essential part of your dog’s recovery and long-term wellbeing.

If you’re unsure whether physiotherapy is right for your dog, it’s always best to consult your vet. They can advise on the most suitable treatment options for your pet’s individual needs.

Is Veterinary Physiotherapy Worth the Cost for Your Dog’s Recovery?

When it comes to your dog’s recovery, especially after surgery or an injury, you want to ensure the best possible outcome. Many pet owners face the decision of whether to add physiotherapy to their dog’s recovery plan. The cost of veterinary physiotherapy may seem steep at first glance—averaging around £500 for a course of 10 treatments—but is it worth the investment compared to skipping it? Let’s explore whether physiotherapy is a valuable addition to your dog’s recovery programme and how it could potentially save you money in the long run.

Understanding the Costs and Benefits of Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy is often recommended for dogs recovering from:

Orthopaedic injuries (e.g., cruciate ligament repairs, fractures).
Post-surgical rehabilitation (joints, bones, or muscle surgery).
Chronic pain conditions like arthritis.
Neurological issues such as intervertebral disc disease or paralysis.

The benefits of physiotherapy go beyond just healing. It aims to:

Speed up recovery by improving mobility and strength.
Prevent complications and re-injury by strengthening muscles and joints.
Reduce the need for ongoing medication, potentially saving money.
Enhance your dog’s quality of life, allowing them to return to normal activities sooner.

Comparing Costs: Physiotherapy vs. No Physiotherapy

Let’s break down two scenarios to see how the costs could play out over time.

Scenario 1: Adding Physiotherapy (£500)

By investing in a £500 physiotherapy programme, your dog may recover faster, with:

Fewer vet visits for follow-ups or complications (which typically cost £40-£60 per visit).
Reduced need for ongoing pain relief medication (usually costing £20-£40 per month for dogs on anti-inflammatory drugs or painkillers).
Potentially avoiding more expensive treatments like additional surgeries due to improper healing or re-injury.

For example, a surgery to repair a cruciate ligament injury can cost anywhere from £2,000 to £4,000. If physiotherapy helps avoid re-injury or complications that require additional surgery, the £500 upfront investment could save you thousands in the long term.

Scenario 2: No Physiotherapy

Without physiotherapy, recovery may take longer, and the risk of complications or re-injury increases. This could lead to:

More vet visits for extended check-ups or new complications.
Higher medication costs over time to manage ongoing pain or slow recovery.
Increased risk of re-injury, which may require additional treatments or surgery, potentially costing thousands of pounds.

In this scenario, your dog’s quality of life may also be impacted, with slower healing, reduced mobility, and prolonged discomfort.

The Hidden Value of Physiotherapy

Beyond the direct financial savings, it’s important to consider the quality of life improvements for your dog. A quicker recovery means less pain, more mobility, and a happier, more active dog. Not only does this mean fewer trips to the vet, but it also allows your dog to get back to their normal routines faster—whether that’s running around the park, playing fetch, or simply enjoying their daily walks.

Is £500 Worth It?

Ultimately, physiotherapy appears to be a smart investment for many dogs recovering from injury or surgery. While it may feel like a significant upfront cost, the potential to avoid future vet bills, extended medication, or corrective surgeries can make the £500 physiotherapy programme great value for money.

Additionally, helping your dog recover fully and swiftly offers immense benefits to their overall wellbeing. With better mobility, less pain, and lower risks of complications, physiotherapy could provide peace of mind for both you and your dog.

Final Thoughts: Is Physiotherapy Right for Your Dog?

When weighing whether to add physiotherapy to your dog’s recovery plan, it’s essential to think about both the short-term and long-term costs. If your dog’s condition involves complex healing—such as an orthopaedic injury, post-surgery rehab, or chronic joint issues—physiotherapy could save you money over time and enhance your dog’s quality of life significantly.

Moreover, if you’re insured then most Pet Insurance covers you for 10 sessions or £500 which means your bill could be as little as £20 for a typical programme.

In cases where proper rehabilitation is critical, physiotherapy may not only be valuable for the wallet but also for ensuring your dog lives a healthy and happy life.

Treating Arthritis and Joint Pain

Osteoarthritis (OA), commonly known as arthritis, is the inflammation of a joint that leads to pain and reduced mobility. Over time, the smooth cartilage that covers the surface of joints wears down, causing the exposed bones to rub together, which worsens the condition.

Several factors can predispose a dog to developing OA, including:

Genetics, breed, and body structure – such as developmental disorders like hip or elbow dysplasia
Age-related wear and tear
Obesity – excessive weight puts extra strain on joints
Previous injuries – including joint trauma or surgeries

What Are the Main Symptoms of Osteoarthritis?

Symptoms of OA can vary depending on the severity of the disease. However, the most common signs include:

Stiffness, difficulty getting up or lying down
Slower movement or reluctance to exercise
Limping or lameness
Muscle wasting/atrophy
Changes in personality – increased irritability, anxiety, or withdrawal
Licking of affected joints

Early detection is critical for maintaining your dog’s quality of life. Studies show that 40% of dogs under the age of four have radiographic evidence of OA, although only half of these cases can be identified through a physical exam. This means many cases go unnoticed, making it essential for both pet owners and vets to stay vigilant.

Prevention is key. If your dog belongs to a predisposed breed or is overweight, it’s time to consult one of our vets to explore preventive measures.

How Is Osteoarthritis Diagnosed?

If you notice any of the symptoms listed above in your dog, it’s important to consult a vet. At The Canine Fitness Centre, we offer full assessments to evaluate your dog’s mobility and identify subtle signs of discomfort.

X-rays may be recommended to assess the severity of the joint disease, and blood tests can help rule out other medical conditions that could impact treatment. Additionally, we may suggest a “pain trial” with a Vet using a specific medication to observe its effect on your dog’s mobility and comfort.

How Can We Treat Joint Pain?

Unfortunately, there is no cure for OA, but treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, improving mobility, and slowing disease progression. Treatment options may include:

Exercise management – regular short walks on flat terrain
Weight loss – weight control and special joint diets can be helpful
Physiotherapy and hydrotherapy – maintaining muscle mass and enhancing joint flexibility
Laser therapy
Myotherapy
Acupuncture
Nutraceuticals – joint supplements may help slow the disease’s progression
Environmental modifications – using orthopaedic bedding, ramps, non-slip mats, or carpeting
Medication – Various medications are available to manage pain and inflammation. Some dogs respond well to a single medication, while others may need a combination of treatments. Options include:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Monoclonal antibody injections
- Pain relievers
- Joint injections

In some cases, surgery may be considered to stabilise the joint, such as arthroplasty or total hip replacements for severe OA.

During a Canine Fitness consultation, our veterinary Physiotherapists can help you navigate the available treatment options and create a long-term pain management plan tailored to your dog’s needs.

Don’t wait—book an appointment today for a mobility assessment, and let’s discuss how to ensure your dog’s comfort for the future.

How Physiotherapy Helps Your Dog After Surgery

Just like humans, dogs need proper rehabilitation after surgery to ensure a full and healthy recovery. Whether your furry friend has undergone orthopaedic surgery, soft tissue repair, or neurological procedures, physiotherapy can make a world of difference in speeding up recovery, improving mobility, and restoring quality of life. Let’s dive into how physiotherapy can help your dog after surgery and why it’s a crucial part of the healing process.

1. Promotes Faster Healing

One of the main goals of post-surgical physiotherapy is to encourage the healing of tissues, muscles, and joints. By using controlled and gentle movements, physiotherapy helps improve blood circulation, which delivers vital oxygen and nutrients to the injured area. This boost in circulation helps reduce swelling and inflammation, which are common after surgery, and accelerates the body’s natural healing processes.

Key Techniques:

Massage therapy: Increases blood flow and reduces muscle tension.
Cold and heat therapy: Reduces swelling (cold therapy) and stimulates blood flow (heat therapy).

2. Reduces Pain and Discomfort

Surgery can leave your dog in significant pain, limiting their ability to move and affecting their overall well-being. Physiotherapy provides several pain-relief methods that are gentle and non-invasive. These techniques, such as laser therapy, ultrasound, and acupuncture, help to reduce post-operative pain without relying solely on medications, which can have side effects when used long-term.

Key Techniques:

Laser therapy: Reduces pain and inflammation at a cellular level.
TENS units (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation): Provides electrical stimulation to relieve pain.

3. Improves Mobility and Flexibility

After surgery, scar tissue can develop, and muscles can stiffen due to inactivity, which leads to a limited range of motion. Physiotherapy focuses on gradually increasing your dog’s mobility and flexibility through controlled exercises. Stretching, range-of-motion exercises, and hydrotherapy can help prevent joint stiffness and muscle wasting, while also restoring your dog’s natural movements.

Key Techniques:

Passive range-of-motion exercises: Gently moving the dog’s limbs to maintain flexibility.
Hydrotherapy: Water-based exercises that support weight and encourage movement without stressing the joints.

4. Prevents Muscle Atrophy

When dogs are recovering from surgery, they often spend a lot of time resting, which can lead to muscle atrophy or loss of muscle mass. This is particularly concerning in dogs with orthopedic issues, as strong muscles are needed to support healing bones and joints. Physiotherapy combats muscle atrophy by engaging the muscles in therapeutic exercises that keep them active without putting excessive strain on healing areas.

Key Techniques:

Therapeutic exercises: Balance boards, controlled walking, and strength-building activities.
Treadmill therapy: Gentle walking on a treadmill to build strength and endurance.

5. Supports Mental Well-being

Surgery can be stressful for dogs, not only physically but also mentally. A prolonged recovery period can lead to boredom, anxiety, and depression. Physiotherapy sessions are not just about physical recovery; they also provide mental stimulation. The attention and care during therapy, along with gradually getting your dog moving again, help reduce stress and encourage a more positive attitude during recovery.

6. Customised Recovery Plans

Every dog’s surgery and recovery needs are different, and physiotherapy provides a tailored approach to rehabilitation. A trained canine physiotherapist will assess your dog’s condition, identify specific areas that need attention, and design a personalised recovery plan. This ensures that your dog gets the right combination of techniques and exercises suited to their individual needs, whether they’re recovering from a torn ligament, hip surgery, or a spinal injury.

7. Improves Long-term Outcomes

Proper physiotherapy after surgery not only helps your dog recover in the short term but also ensures better long-term health. Without therapy, dogs are more likely to develop complications like joint stiffness, chronic pain, and reduced mobility. Physiotherapy reduces the risk of these complications by encouraging proper healing and promoting strong, healthy muscles and joints.

How to Get Started with Canine Physiotherapy

If your dog has recently had surgery, it’s important to consult your veterinarian about physiotherapy. Your dog’s rehabilitation journey will be carefully guided, ensuring they recover at a safe pace and reach their full potential for mobility and comfort.

Final Thoughts

Physiotherapy can make a tremendous difference in helping your dog recover after surgery. From reducing pain to restoring mobility and strength, this specialised care ensures that your beloved pet can enjoy a quicker and more comfortable recovery. By investing in physiotherapy, you are not only supporting their physical healing but also giving them the best chance at a healthy and active future.

What Pet Owners Should Know Before Getting a Referral

If you’re a pet owner, navigating the world of veterinary care can sometimes be confusing, especially when it comes to referrals for specialist treatments. The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) has recently updated its guidance on how veterinary referrals should be handled, aiming to make the process clearer and more transparent for both vets and pet owners. This updated guidance ensures you, as a pet owner, are well-informed about the expertise of the professionals treating your pet.

Here’s what you need to know to make the best decisions for your pet’s health when it comes to referrals:

1. Understanding the Expertise of Referral Vets

One of the key updates is the clarification around how vets should explain the expertise of the professionals they refer you to. If your pet needs treatment beyond what your regular vet can provide, they might suggest seeing another vet with more specialized skills.

Your vet is now required to clearly explain the qualifications of the vet they are referring you to. There are specific titles such as “RCVS Specialist” or “Advanced Practitioner” that carry defined levels of expertise. For example:

RCVS Specialists are vets who have completed extensive training (at least three years) and passed a high-level examination in their area of expertise.

Advanced Practitioners have additional qualifications and experience but may not have undergone the same level of specialised training as a Specialist.

It’s essential your vet explains these differences and offers you options. If your vet recommends an Advanced Practitioner, they should also let you know that a referral to an RCVS Specialist is another option, depending on your pet’s needs.

2. Accurate Terminology Matters

Another important point in the updated guidance is that only recognized titles like “RCVS Specialist” or “Advanced Practitioner” should be used to describe the person who will treat your pet. Terms like “consultant” or “referral surgeon” are considered misleading and could give the impression of a level of expertise that may not be accurate.

Always ask about the specific qualifications of the vet your pet is being referred to, and make sure they match these recognized titles.

3. Referrals to Veterinary Centres

If your pet is being referred to a veterinary centre rather than an individual vet, it’s important to understand that not all vets in the centre may have the same qualifications. The new RCVS guidance highlights that your referring vet should inform you about the varying levels of experience among the vets at the referral centre. For example, you might assume your pet will be seen by a Specialist when, in reality, they could be treated by a vet in training (such as a resident) who may not yet have specialist qualifications.

To avoid confusion, ask about the specific vet who will be responsible for your pet’s care at the centre.

4. Conflicts of Interest Must Be Disclosed

Transparency is key when it comes to veterinary care, and the RCVS has emphasized that vets must disclose any potential conflicts of interest when making referrals. This means your vet should tell you if they have a financial or professional link to the practice they are referring you to, such as:

Referring you to a centre owned by the same group as their practice
Referring to a peripatetic surgeon (a freelance specialist) who works out of their practice and whose services financially benefit the practice

Being informed about these connections allows you to make a fully informed decision and ensures that your pet’s care is always in their best interest.

Why Is This Update Important?

The RCVS has made these changes because there were concerns that previous guidelines were not always followed or fully understood by vets. These updates aim to ensure that pet owners, like you, have all the information needed to make the best decisions for your pet.

In the past, there have been cases where pet owners were unaware that their pet was being treated by a non-specialist vet, which led to complications or even serious health risks. This updated guidance places responsibility on the referring vet to be clear about the qualifications of the professionals they are recommending.

The differences between an Advanced Practitioner and a Specialist are significant, especially when it comes to complex procedures like surgery. Specialists undergo rigorous training, including years of hands-on experience and exams, which means they are better equipped to handle highly specialised or complex cases.

What Should You Do When Your Pet Needs a Referral?

When your vet recommends a referral, here are some steps you can take to ensure your pet gets the best care possible:

Ask about qualifications: Make sure you understand whether your pet is being referred to an Advanced Practitioner or an RCVS Specialist.
Get a clear explanation: Ask your vet to explain the difference between the two and why they are recommending a particular option for your pet.
Inquire about the vet who will treat your pet: If you are being referred to a veterinary centre, make sure you know who will be treating your pet and what their qualifications are.
Check for conflicts of interest: If your vet has a connection to the referral practice or the vet they are recommending, make sure this is disclosed to you.

By staying informed and asking the right questions, you can be confident in the care your pet will receive.

Conclusion

The updated RCVS guidance on veterinary referrals is designed to promote transparency and ensure pet owners can make informed decisions about their pet’s care. Understanding the qualifications of the vets involved, asking the right questions, and being aware of any potential conflicts of interest will help you choose the best referral option for your pet.

Your vet should be your partner in this process, providing you with clear and accurate information to support your decisions. Ultimately, this update is a positive step forward for the veterinary profession, pet owners, and—most importantly—your pets.